KrishiVoc: 9. Plant Protection

Plant protection	Control methods	Defence mechanism
		Economic thresholds
		Host pathogen relations
		Protection technology
		Disease control
		Nematodes control
		Pest control	Bird control
			Disinfestation
			Insect control	Ant control
				Flea control
				Louse control
				Mating disruption
				Mosquito control
				Sterile insect technique
				Termite control
			Mite control
			Mollusc control
			Poisoning of animal pests
			Predator control
			Rodent control
			Stored product protection
			Tick control
		Weed control	Direct method of weed control
			Indirect method of weed control
		Biological control	Biological disease control
			Biological insect pest control
			Biological weed control
			Biological control agents	Parasites	Acarapis woodi
					Tropilaelaps clareae
					Varroa jacobsoni
				Parasitoids	Apanteles
					Aphelinus mali
					Brachymeria lasus
					Bracon brevicornis
					Bracon hebetor
					Campoletis sonorensis
					Chelonus
					Cotesia flavipes
					Cotesia glomerata
					Cotesia plutellae
					Diadegma semiclausum
					Diaeretiella rapae
					Encarsia formosa
					Eucelatoria
					Exorista bombycis
					Goniozus
					Oecophylla
					Pimpla
					Platygaste
					Telenomus
					Tetrastichus julis
					Tetrastichus radiatus
					Trichogramma chilonis
					Trichogramma japonicum
					Trichogramma minutum
				Pathogens	Bacillus cereus
					Bacillus popilliae
					Bacillus sphaericus
					Bacillus thuringiensis
					Pseudomonas aeruginosa
					Serratia
					Bacterial spores
					Bacterial toxins
					Entomophagous fungi
					Beauveria bassiana
					Hirsutella thompsonii
					Metarhizium anisopliae
					Entamoeba
					Nosema apis
					Nosema bombycis
					Nosema locustae
					Granulosis viruses
					Nuclear polyhedrosis virus
				Predators	Entomophilic nematodes
					Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
					Photorhabdus luminescens
					Xenorhabdus nematophilus
					Steinernema carpocapsae
					Frogs
					Lizards
					Predatory birds	Eagles
						Hawks
						Owls
					Predatory Insects	Syrphus
						Anthocoris nemoralis
						Aphidoletes aphidimyza
						Chrysoperla carnea
						Coccinella septempunctata
						Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
						Cyrtorhinus lividipennis
						Mallada
						Mantids
						Menochilus sexmaculatus
						Micromus
						Neochetina eichhorniae
						Rodolia cardinalis
					Snakes
					Spiders	Amblyseius andersoni
						Amblyseius barkeri
						Amblyseius potentillae
						Neoseiulus cucumeris
						Phytoseiulus persimilis
		Chemical control	Antifeedants	Cycocel
				Neem oil
				Phenylcarbamates
				Solanum
				Thiocarbamates
			Attractants	Lures
				Molasses
				Pest control baits
				Sex attractants	Eugenol
					Pheromones
			Chemosterilants
			Insect Growth Regulators	Chitin synthesis inhibitors	Benzoyl phenyl ureas
					Buprofezin
					Chlorfluazuron
					Cyromazine
					Diflubenzuron
					Flufenoxuron
					Teflubenzuron
					Triflumuron
				Juvenile hormones	Juvenile hormone analogues	Fenoxycarb
						Methoprene
					Precocenes	Ageratum conyzoides
					Abies balsamea
				Moulting hormones
			Pesticides	Insecticides	Amitraz
					Botanical insecticides
					Chlordimeform
					Chlorfenapyr
					Cryolite
					Dnocpesticide
					Fumigant insecticides	Sulfuryl fluoride
					Hydramethylnon
					Indoxacarb
					Insecticidal soaps
					Metaflumizone
					Microbial insecticides	Bacterial insecticides
						Mycoinsecticides
						Viral insecticides
					Neonicotinoid insecticides	Acetamiprid
						Clothianidin
						Dinotefuran
						Flonicamid
						Imidacloprid
						Nitenpyram
						Nithiazine
						Thiacloprid
						Thiamethoxam
					Organochlorine insecticides	Cyclodiene insecticides	Aldrin
							Chlordane
							Chlordecone
							Dieldrin
							Endosulfan
							Endrin
							Heptachlor
							Mirex
						Dddpesticide
						Ddepesticide
						Hchpesticide
						Lindane
						Methoxychlor
						Pentachlorophenol
						Polychlorobenzoic acid
						Toxaphene
					Organophosphorus insecticides	Acephate
						Chlorfenvinphos
						Dichlorvos
						Dicrotophos
						Fonofos
						Heptenophos
						Isofenphos
						Leptophos
						Methamidophos
						Mevinphos
						Monocrotophos
						Naled
						Organothiophosphate insecticides	Azamethiphos
							Azinphos-ethyl
							Azinphos-methyl
							Bromophos
							Chlorphoxim
							Chlorpyrifos
							Chlorpyrifos-methyl
							Coumaphos
							Demeton-s-methyl
							Diazinon
							Dimethoate
							Disulfoton
							Ethoprophos
							Etrimfos
							Famphur
							Fenitrothion
							Fensulfothion
							Fenthion
							Isazofos
							Malathion
							Methidathion
							Omethoate
							Oxydemeton-methyl
							Parathion
							Parathion-methyl
							Phorate
							Phosalone
							Phosmet
							Pirimiphos-methyl
							Profenofos
							Pyrazophos
							Quinalphos
							Sulprofos
							Temephos
							Terbufos
							Thiometon
							Triazophos
						Paraoxon
						Phosphamidon
						Propetamphos
						Tetrachlorvinphos
						Trichlorfon
					Phoxim
					Pymetrozine
					Pyrethroid insecticides	Acrinathrin
						Allethrin
						Bifenthrin
						Bioallethrin
						Bioresmethrin
						Cyfluthrin
						Cyhalothrin
						Cypermethrin
						Deltamethrin
						Esfenvalerate
						Etofenprox
						Fenpropathrin
						Fenvalerate
						Flucythrinate
						Fluvalinate
						Lambda-cyhalothrin
						Permethrin
						Phenothrin
						Pyriproxyfen
						Resmethrin
						Tefluthrin
						Tetramethrin
					Pyridaben
					Rafoxanide
					Spinosad
					Sulfuramid
					Tebufenozide
					Termiticides
					Triazamate
					Vamidothion
				Fungicides	Benomyl
					Benomyl
					Benzimidazoles
					Biphenyl
					Captafol
					Captafol
					Captan
					Captan
					Carbamates
					Carbendazim
					Carbendazim
					Chlorothalonil
					Chlorothalonil
					Copper oxychloride
					Copper sulphate
					Dinocap
					Dinocap
					Diuron
					Dodine
					Folpet
					Imazalil
					Iprodione
					Mancozeb
					Maneb
					Metalaxyl
					Oxycarboxin
					Prochloraz
					Procymidone
					Quintozene
					Thiabendazole
					Thiram
					Triforine
					Vinclozolin
					Zineb
				Herbicides	2,4-D
					Alachlor
					Amitrole
					Barban
					Benzoic acid
					Chloramben
					Dicamba
					Bromoxynil
					Chlorpropham
					Dichlobenil
					Dichloropropene
					Diquat
					Fluchloralin
					Fosamine
					Glyphosate
					Ioxynil
					Lenacil
					Linuron
					MCPB
					Monolinuron
					Naled
					Napropamide
					Neburon
					Nitralin
					Nitrofen
					Norflurazon
					Oryzalin
					Oxadiazon
					Oxyfluorfen
					Paraquat
					Pendimethalin
					Perfluidone
					Phenmedipham
					Phoxim
					Picloram
					Procymidone
					Propachlor
					Propanil
					Sodium chloride
					TCA
					Thiocarbamates
					Butylate
					Thiobencarb
					Triazine
					Atrazine
					Simazine
					Triazines
					Trifluralin
					Uracil
					Bromacil
					Terbacil
					Urea
					Isoproturon
					Monolinuron
				Bactericides	antiseptics
					Metronidazole
					Salicylic acids
					Cephalosporins
					Organic acids
					Sorbic acid
					Disinfectants
					Iodine
					Surfactants
					Benzalkonium chloride
					Bromides
					Cresols
					Hypochlorites
					Permanganates
					Peroxides
				Rodenticides	Brodifacoum
					Bromadiolone
					Chlorophacinone
					Strychnine
					Warfarin
					Zinc phosphide
				Acaricides	Abamectin
					Dicofol
					Sulphur
					Miticides
				Avicides	Aminopyridine
					Chloralose
					Endrin
					Fenthion
					Strychninea
				Molluscicides	Allicin
					Bromoacetamide
					Calcium arsenate
					Cloethocarb
					Copper acetoarsenite
					Copper sulfate
					Fentin
					Metaldehyde
					Methiocarb
					Niclosamide
					Pentachlorophenol
					Sodium pentachlorophenoxide
					Tazimcarb
					Tazimcarb
					Thiacloprid
					Thiodicarb
					Tralopyril
					Tributyltin oxide
					Trifenmorph
					Trimethacarb
				Nematicides	Avermectin nematicides
					Abamectin
					Botanical nematicides
					Carvacrol
					Carbamate nematicides
					Benomyl
					Carbofuran
					Carbosulfan
					Cloethocarb
					Fumigant nematicides
					Dithioether
					Methyl bromide
					Organophosphorus nematicides	Organophosphate nematicides	Diamidafos
							Fenamiphos
							Fosthietan
							Phosphamidon
						Organothiophosphate nematicides	Cadusafos
							Chlorpyrifos
							Dichlofenthion
							Dimethoate
							Ethoprophos
							Fensulfothion
							Fosthiazate
							Heterophos
							Isamidofos
							Isazofos
							Phorate
							Phosphocarb
							Terbufos
							Thionazin
							Triazophos
						Phosphonothioate nematicides	Imicyafos
							Mecarphon
						Unclassified nematicides	Acetoprole
							Benclothiaz
							Chloropicrin
							Dazomet
							DBCP
							DCIP
							Fluensulfone
							Furfural
							Metam
							Methyl iodide
							Methyl isothiocyanate
							Xylenols
					Oxime carbamate nematicides	Alanycarb
						Aldicarb
						Aldoxycarb
						Oxamyl
						Tirpate
				Repellents	Camphor
					Citronella grass
					Creosote
					Diethyltoluamide
					Naphthalene acetamide
					Pentachlorophenol
					Smokes
					Oviposition deterrents
					Pest repellents
					Scares
				Semiochemicals	Allelochemicals	Allomones
						Kairomones
					Pheromones
		Cultural control	Balanced fertilization
			Crop rotation
			Hygiene
			Intercropping
			Irrigation
			Pruning
			Resistance varieties	Disease resistance
				Drought resistance
				Frost resistance
				Pest resistance
				Physiological stress resistance
				Temperature resistance
				Wind resistance
				Winter hardiness
			Roguing
			Sowing date
			Spacing
			Tillage
			Trap crops
			Cultural disease control
			Cultural insect pest control
			Cultural weed control	Beushening
				Controlled burning
				Hand weeding
				Slashing
		Genetic control	Sterile insect release
		Legal control	Laws
			Phytosanitary measures
			Quarantine
			Registration
			Legal disease control
			Legal insect pest control
			Legal weed control
		Mechanical methods	Mechanical insect pest control	Bagging
				Netting
				Storage structures	Bags
					Bins	Metal bin
						Plastic bin
						Pusa bin
						RCC bin
					Cellars
					Cribs
					Pits
					Silos	Horizontal silos
						Tower silos
						Trench silos
					Storehouses
					Traditional storage structures
				Traps	Light traps
					Pheromone traps
					Sticky traps
			Mechanical weed control	Weed control equipment
		Physical control	Air
			Irradiation	Gamma irradiation
				Ionization treatment
				X-ray irradiation
			Light	Infrared radiation
				Ultraviolet irradiation
			Moisture content
			Sound	Ultrasonic treatment
			Thermal control
	Banned pesticides	Banned for manufacture, import and use	Aldicarb
			Aldrin
			Benzene Hexachloride
			Calcium Cyanide
			Chlorbenzilate
			Chlordane
			Chlorofenvinphos
			Copper Acetoarsenite
			Dibromochloropropane
			Dieldrin
			Endrin
			Ethyl Mercury Chloride
			Ethyl Parathion
			Ethylene Dibromide
			Heptachlor
			LindaneGamma-HCH
			Maleic Hydrazide
			Menazon
			Metoxuron
			Nitrofen
			Paraquat Dimethyl Sulphate
			Pentachloro Nitrobenzene
			Pentachlorophenol
			Phenyl Mercury Acetate
			Sodium Methane Arsonate
			TCATrichloro acetic acid
			Tetradifon
			Tetradifon
			Toxaphene(Camphechlor
		Banned for import, manufacture and use	Carbofuron % SP
			Methomyl .% L
			Methomyl % formulation
			Phosphamidon % SL
		Banned for use, but manufacture for export	Captafol % Powder
			Nicotin Sulfate
		Pesticides Withdrawn	Dalapon
			Ferbam
			Formothion
			Nickel Chloride
			ParadichlorobenzenePDCB
			Simazine
			Warfarin
	Pesticides refused registration	Ammonium Sulphamate
		Azinphos Ethyl
		Azinphos Methyl
		Binapacryl
		Calcium Arsenate
		Carbophenothion
		ChinomethionateMorestan
		Dicrotophos
		EPN
		Fentin Acetate
		Fentin Hydroxide
		Lead Arsenate
		LeptophosPhosvel
		Mephosfolan
		MevinphosPhosdrin
		Thiodemeton / Disulfoton
		Vamidothion
		Aluminium Phosphide
		Captafol
		Cypermethrin
		Dazomet
		Diazinon
		Dichloro Diphenyl TrichloroethaneDDT
		Fenitrothion
		Fenthion
		LindaneGamma-HCH
		Methoxy Ethyl Mercuric ChlorideMEMC
		Methyl Bromide
		Methyl Parathion
		Monocrotophos
		Sodium Cyanide
	Pest management	Integrated pest management
		Pest control programs
		Pest monitoring
		Pesticide application
		Pesticidal properties	Acaricidal properties
			Herbicidal properties
			Insecticidal properties
			Molluscicidal properties
			Nematicidal properties
			Pesticide selectivity
			Rodenticidal properties
	Insect biology	Insect anatomy
		Insect behavior	Antennating
			Insect communication	Bee dances
				Stridulation
			Swarming
			Trophallaxis
			Wing fanning
	Apiculture	Apiaries	Beehives
			Hive management	Requeening
				Uncapping
		Hive smoking
		Meliponiculture
		Insect nests	Combssocial insects	Brood cells	Queen cells
			Termite mounds
		Insect nutrition
		Insect physiology	Eclosion
			Insect development	Pupal development
			Insect flight
			Insect growth
			Insect reproduction	Choriogenesis
				Gonotrophic cycle
				Larviposition
				Sex allocation
			Metamorphosis	Precocious metamorphosis
				Pupariation
				Pupation
	Insect collection
	Insect pathology	Entomopathogens
		Insect diseases
				Chalk brood
				Colony collapse disorder
				European foul brood
			Milky disease
	Insect products	Honey and bee products	Beeswax
			Comb honey
			Honey
			Propolis